if表示“是否”时,不能替换whether的情况主要包括以下几种:
一、引导主语从句时
当从句作句子的主语时,必须使用whether,而if不能直接作主语。
错误:Whether the meeting will start is still a question.
正确:If the meeting will start is still a question.
二、引导表语从句时
表语从句需用whether来引导,if不可用于此结构。
错误:He is wondering if the problem is solved.
正确:He is wondering whether the problem is solved.
三、引导同位语从句时
同位语从句解释说明名词时,需用whether。
错误:The reason is that the meeting is canceled, if the participants did not arrive on time.
正确:The reason is that the meeting is canceled, whether the participants did not arrive on time.
四、固定搭配中
在whether...or not结构中,只能用whether。
错误:She hasn’t decided if she will call you back.
正确:She hasn’t decided whether she will call you back.
五、介词后引导从句时
介词后通常接whether,if不可直接跟在介词后。
错误:He is afraid of if the project will fail.
正确:He is afraid of whether the project will fail.
六、其他特殊情况
正式文体与口语:
口语中多用if,正式文体中两者可互换。
动词不定式前:
只能用whether。
总结
if和whether在表示“是否”时,主要区别体现在语法功能上。若从句作主语、表语、同位语或介词宾语,必须使用whether;其他情况下两者可灵活替换。